For the conventional retaining wall in a kind of gravity wall, the weight of the structure influences the stability of the retaining wall. Moreover, the weight of the retaining wall is determined by its dimension. The assumptions of retaining wall dimension are determined by trial and error. If the retaining wall is not enough to bear the load, the dimension of the retaining wall must be changed. In this study, we analyze a gravity retaining wall according to Rankine’s theory.

The integration of smart manufacturing and robotics is revolutionizing production environments across industries, enabling enhanced efficiency, flexibility, and customization. As the fourth industrial revolution unfolds, robotics systems, including collaborative robots (cobots), robotic process automation (RPA), and autonomous mobile robots (AMRs), are transforming traditional manufacturing floors. These advancements are not only streamlining operations but also driving significant improvements in quality control, safety, and supply chain optimization. By leveraging real-time data processing through edge computing and integrating robotics with cyber-physical systems (CPS), manufacturers are achieving unparalleled precision, efficiency, and adaptability. Additionally, the adoption of smart manufacturing technologies is accelerating the move towards sustainability by reducing waste and optimizing energy consumption. This paper explores the technological foundations, key benefits, challenges, and case studies of companies such as Tesla, Foxconn, and Siemens, highlighting the substantial impact of robotics on production lines, workforce dynamics, and global competitiveness.

The use of data analysis in financial management has changed the way in which the Chief Financial Officers’ decision-making procedures are handled. SAP FICO, together branded as SAP FICO, plays a paramount role in increasing the company’s financial openness, giving a detailed view into the company’s financials, and facilitating better decision-making processes.

Data pipelines are the critical component of contemporary data engineering that assumes the responsibility of accessing, processing, and delivering data to various organisational applications. In cloud environments where high efficiency, scalable architecture, and flexibility are critical, the need for high-quality, reliable and efficient data pipeline architectures has increased.