Citation :

Kanaho Yasunori, 2023. "An Optimised PV Energy Stored System by Using DC-DC Module Fed to E-Automotive Vehicle with Enhanced Fault Protection Mechanism" ESP International Journal of Advancements in Science & Technology (ESP-IJAST)  Volume 1, Issue 3: 27-32.

Abstract :

New topology suggested to compensate for the input fluctuations of a solar photovoltaic unit caused by variations in solar irradiation and to make the terminal voltage grid consistent with the required frequency, power electronic converters are utilized. Low power quality and excessive voltage stress are typical issues with traditional two-level converters. This article proposes a novel multilevel inverter topology for solar PV power conversion systems: the Dual Source Multilevel Inverter (DS-MLI), which uses fewer power switches. It has the capability of cascading-free symmetric and asymmetric operation. This minimizes the number of switches needed to generate a staircase voltage waveform. We evaluate the dynamic behavior of the system during a step change and use the state-space averaging method to construct a closed-loop control mechanism.

The worldwide electrical power generation industry has become more interested in solar photovoltaic (SPV) energy sources in recent years due to their rapidly expanding installed capacity. Due to fears about the reliability and safety of the grid's current infrastructure, rigorous grid-codes have been enacted due to the widespread use of grid-interactive SPV systems. SPV systems require power electronic based energy conversion systems because to their stochastic nature and compliance with stringent grid-codes. The requirement for multi-level inverters and associated management mechanisms is further necessitated by the rise in SPV system power levels. For high power industrial applications, multi-level inverters are a tried and true method of energy conversion. One of the most popular and frequently adopted multi-level inverter designs for grid-connected SPV a system is the neutral point clamped (NPC) architecture. Effective energy conversion relies heavily on the control systems used by these grid-connected NPC inverters. The creation of novel control methods for grid-connected the study of SPV inverters is underway.

References :

[1] S. Inoue and H. Akagi, “A bidirectional isolated dc–dc converter as a core circuit of the next-generation medium-voltage power conversion system,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 535–542, Mar. 2007.

[2] S. Samosir and A. H. M. Yatim, “Implementation of dynamic evolution control of bidirectional dc–dc converter for interfacing ultracapacitor energy storage to fuel-cell system,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 3468–3473, Oct. 2010.

[3] H. Ci-Ming, Y. Lung-Sheng, L. Tsorng-Juu, and C. Jiann-Fuh, “Novel bidirectional DC-DC converter with high step-up/down voltage gain,” in Proc. Energy Convers. Congr. Expo., 2009, pp. 60–66.

[4] Y. Zhang, Y. Gao, J. Li, and M. Sumner, “Interleaved switched-capacitor bidirectional DC-DC converter with wide voltage-gain Range for energy storage systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 33, no. 5, pp.3852–3869, May. 2018.

[5] F. Akar, Y. Tavlasoglu, E. Ugur, B. Vural, and I. Aksoy, “A bidirectional nonisolated multi-input DC–DC converter for hybrid energy storage systems in electric vehicles,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 65, no. 10, pp. 7944–7955, Oct. 2016.

[6] K. Zhiguo, Z. Chunbo, Y. Shiyan, and C. Shukang, “Study of bidirectional DC-DC converter for power management in electric bus with super capacitors,” in Proc. IEEE Veh. Power Propulsion Conf., Sep. 2006, pp. 1–5.

[7] C.-C. Lin, L.-S. Yang, and G. Wu, “Study of a non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter,” IET Power Electron., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 30–37, Jan. 2013.

[8] J. K. Reed and G. Venkataramanan, “Bidirectional high conversion ratio DC-DC converter,” in Proc. IEEE Power Energy Conf. Illinois, Feb. 2012, pp. 1–5.

[9] L. Sun, F. Zhuo, F. Wang, and T. Zhu, “A novel topology of high voltage and high power bidirectional ZCS DC-DC converter based on serial capacitors,” in Proc. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Expo., Mar. 2016, pp. 810–815

[10] R. Rezaii, M. Nilian, M. Safayatullah, S. Ghosh and I. Batarseh, "A Bidirectional DC-DC Converter with High Conversion Ratios for the Electrical Vehicle Application," IECON 2021 – 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2021, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/IECON48115.2021.9589419.

[11] U. Vamsi, C. SaiKrishna and G. Swapna, "PV Based Bidirectional Converter for Various DC Loads and EV Battery Charging," 2022 IEEE 2nd Mysore Sub Section International Conference (MysuruCon), Mysuru, India, 2022, pp. 1-7, doi: 10.1109/MysuruCon55714.2022.9972416.

[12] T. Anno and H. Koizumi, "Double-Input Bidirectional DC/DC Converter Using Cell-Voltage Equalizer With Flyback Transformer," in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 2923-2934, June 2015, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2014.2316201.

[13] Y. Zhang, Q. Liu, Y. Gao, J. Li and M. Sumner, "Hybrid Switched-Capacitor/Switched-Quasi-Z-Source Bidirectional DC–DC Converter With a Wide Voltage Gain Range for Hybrid Energy Sources EVs," in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 2680-2690, April 2019, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2018.2850020.

[14] T. Muthamizhan, M. J. Kumar, P. Rathnavel, M. Aijaz and A. Sivakumar, "A Photovoltaic fed High Gain Bidirectional DC/DC Converter on EV Charging stations Applications," 2021 2nd Global Conference for Advancement in Technology (GCAT), Bangalore, India, 2021, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/GCAT52182.2021.9587699.

[15] J. Su and L. Tang, "A Multiphase, Modular, Bidirectional, Triple-Voltage DC–DC Converter for Hybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicle Power Systems," in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 3035-3046, Nov. 2008, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2008.2005386.

[16] M. S. Perdigão, J. P. F. Trovão, J. M. Alonso and E. S. Saraiva, "Large-Signal Characterization of Power Inductors in EV Bidirectional DC–DC Converters Focused on Core Size Optimization," in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 3042-3051, May 2015, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2015.240263

[17] E. C. Mathew and A. Das, "A New Isolated Bidirectional Switched Capacitor DC-DC Converter For Exchanging Power with MVDC Grid," 2022 IEEE IAS Global Conference on Emerging Technologies (GlobConET), Arad, Romania, 2022, pp. 974-980, doi: 10.1109/GlobConET53749.2022.9872374.

[18] D. Das and M. Barai, "Design and Implementation of a Cuk Based Isolated Bidirectional DC-DC Converter with Active Snubber Circuit for EV Applications," 2021 National Power Electronics Conference (NPEC), Bhubaneswar, India, 2021, pp. 01-06, doi: 10.1109/NPEC52100.2021.9672464.

[19] M. Moradpour and G. Gatto, "A New SiC-GaN-Based Two-Phase Interleaved Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Plug-In Electric Vehicles," 2018 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM), Amalfi, Italy, 2018, pp. 587-592, doi: 10.1109/SPEEDAM.2018.8445373.

[20] B. B. T. Shekin and K. Biju, "A Multi-Input Switched Capacitor Bidirectional DC-DC Converter with Triple Closed Loop Control for Electric Vehicle Application," 2021 IEEE International Power and Renewable Energy Conference (IPRECON), Kollam, India, 2021, pp. 1-7, doi: 10.1109/IPRECON52453.2021.9640824.

[21] C. F. Oliveira, J. L. Afonso and V. Monteiro, "A Bidirectional Multilevel DC-DC Converter Applied to a Bipolar DC Grid: Analysis of Operation under Fault Conditions," 2021 International Young Engineers Forum (YEF-ECE), Caparica / Lisboa, Portugal, 2021, pp. 38-43, doi: 10.1109/YEF-ECE52297.2021.9505140.

[22] V. Monteiro, J. C. Ferreira, A. A. N. Melendez, J. A. Afonso, C. Couto and J. L. Afonso, "Experimental Validation of a Bidirectional Three-Level dc-dc Converter for On-Board or Off-Board EV Battery Chargers," IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Lisbon, Portugal, 2019, pp. 3468-3473, doi: 10.1109/IECON.2019.8927763.

[23] K. Verma, B. Singh and D. T. Shahani, "Grid to vehicle and vehicle to grid energy transfer using single-phase bidirectional AC-DC converter and bidirectional DC-DC converter," 2011 International Conference on Energy, Automation and Signal, Bhubaneswar, India, 2011, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/ICEAS.2011.6147084.

[24] V. Kumar, R. K. Singh and R. Mahanty, "A modified non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter for EV/HEV's traction drive systems," 2016 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES), Trivandrum, India, 2016, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/PEDES.2016.7914345.

Keywords :

Energy Stored System, DC-DC Module, Automotive Vehicle, Protection Mechanism.