The paper aims at conducting comparative political research on the role played by party supremacy in Nigeria and Ghana to determine the direction of presidential elections in West Africa two of the most advanced democracies. Based on the concepts of the institutional theory and elite theory, the paper questions the influence of internal parties, domination of elites inside the party and party unity to the occurrence of candidate, citizen participation, and affiliate governance of the democratic accountability.

This paper is a critical analysis of the economic community of West African states (ECOWAS) contribution to the regional security and preventive diplomacy by means of military involvements in the Niger Republic. The renewed patterns of unconstitutional turnover of power in West Africa, such as the military coup in Niger in 2023, have led to serious questions of democratic regression, weak institutions, and insecurity of the region. ECOWAS is one of the main regional blocks that has adapted coercive, and peace mechanisms in addressing the crisis in political boundaries.

The war between the two countries, Israel and Iran is in full swing and it has dire consequences to the global economic situation especially that of oil prices. This paper focuses on the effects of the war between Israel and Iran on oil and the economies of the world. The war has caused the worsening of tensions in the Middle East, disruptions in the supply chains, sanctions and growth of uncertainty.