Keith Robert Head , 2025. "Short‑form Video Use and Sustained Attention: A Narrative Review (2019–2025)" International Journal of Community Empowerment & Society Administration [IJCESA] Volume 2, Issue 4: 60-67.
The explosive growth of TikTok and short-form media has revolutionized the social media habits of Gen Z and Millennials, leading to concerns about attention span in these user demographics. This narrative review covers literature published between 2019 and 2025, investigates the association between short-form video use and perception. Studies have shown that heavy use of TikTok and similar short-form media is associated with shorter attention spans, poorer academic performance and abnormal white matter in the brain linked to behavioral control, raising questions about excessive use and addiction. Young users seemingly of all ages, including perhaps in particular younger ones, may be especially susceptible to attention impairment as their brains continue to develop. Although current research methods have their limitations, the evidence suggests that frequent short-video use is associated with poorer cognitive functioning. Intervention in the form of education and clinical management is advocated for these areas and the need born from increase risk taking behaviour requiring further longitudinal investigations, research investigating long term consequences.
[1] Abdul Aziz, H. A., & Mohd Dali, S. Z. (2023). More than just engaging? TIKTOK as an effective educational tool. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 8(52), 133–142. https://doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.852011
[2] Alghamdi, R., & Aljabr, N. (2024). The impact of TIKTOK on employees’ attention span. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 9(11). https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2024.v9i11.5144
[3] Asif Saniya Kazi, M. (2024). Examining the influence of short videos on attention span and its relationship with academic performance. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 13(4), 1877–1883. https://doi.org/10.21275/sr24428105200
[4] Burhan, R., & Moradzadeh, J. (2020). Neurotransmitter Dopamine (DA) and its Role in the Development of Social Media Addiction. Journal of Neurology & Neurophysiology, 11(7), 1–2.
[5] Chen, Y., Li, M., Guo, F., & Wang, X. (2022). The effect of short-form video addiction on users’ attention. Behaviour & Information Technology, 42(16), 2893–2910. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2022.2151512
[6] Crispo, N. (2024, March 5). Tiktok Brain: Can we save children’s attention spans? Richmond Journal of Law and Technology. https://jolt.richmond.edu/2024/03/06/tiktok-brain-can-we-save-childrens-attention-spans/
[7] De, D., El Jamal, M., Aydemir, E., & Khera, A. (2025). Social media algorithms and teen addiction: Neurophysiological impact and ethical considerations. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.77145
[8] Galanis, P., Katsiroumpa, A., Moisoglou, I., & Konstantakopoulou, O. (2024). The Tiktok Addiction Scale: Development and validation. AIMS Public Health, 11(4), 1172–1197. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2024061
[9] Gao, Y., Hu, Y., Wang, J., Liu, C., Im, H., Jin, W., Zhu, W., Ge, W., Zhao, G., Yao, Q., Wang, P., Zhang, M., Niu, X., He, Q., & Wang, Q. (2025). Neuroanatomical and functional substrates of the short video addiction and its association with Brain Transcriptomic and cellular architecture. NeuroImage, 307, 121029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121029
[10] Gottfried, J. (2024, January 31). Americans’ social media use. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2024/01/31/americans-social-media-use/
[11] Haliti-Sylaj, T., & Sadiku, A. (2024). Impact of Short Reels on Attention Span and Academic Performance of Undergraduate Students. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 10(3), 60–68. https://doi.org/10.32601/ejal.10306
[12] Jain, L., Velez, L., Karlapati, S., Forand, M., Kannali, R., Yousaf, R. A., Ahmed, R., Sarfraz, Z., Sutter, P. A., Tallo, C. A., & Ahmed, S. (2025). Exploring problematic TikTok use and mental health issues: A systematic review of empirical studies. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 16. https://doi.org/10.1177/21501319251327303
[13] Kim, I. (Andrew). (2024). Exploring the cognitive and social effects of Tiktok on adolescent minds: A study of short-form video consumption. International Education and Research Journal, 10(9), 44–46. https://doi.org/10.21276/ierj24769489007345
[14] von Fedak, V., & Langlais, M. R. (2024). Tiktok too long? examining time on TikTok, psychological distress, and the moderation of TikTok motivations among college students. Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research, 29(2), 129–139. https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.jn29.2.129
[15] Xie, J., Xu, X., Zhang, Y., Tan, Y., Wu, D., Shi, M., & Huang, H. (2023). The effect of short-form video addiction on undergraduates’ academic procrastination: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1298361
[16] Yan, T., Su, C., Xue, W., Hu, Y., & Zhou, H. (2024). Mobile phone short video use negatively impacts attention functions: An EEG study. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1383913
[17] Ye, J.-H., Zheng, J., Nong, W., & Yang, X. (2025). Potential effect of short video usage intensity on short video addiction, perceived mood enhancement (‘tiktok brain’), and attention control among Chinese adolescents. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 27(3), 271–286. https://doi.org/10.32604/ijmhp.2025.059929
[18] Zhang, S., & Li, S. (2025). How short video addiction affects risk decision-making behavior in college students based on fNIRS Technology. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1542271
Adolescent Cognitive Development, Digital Attention Deficit, Short-Form Video Content, Social Media Consumption, Screen Time.